Indoor air quality in commercial buildings is directly affected by janitorial practices. This guide covers how cleaning methods, product choices, and maintenance schedules impact IAQ and occupant health for facility managers.
Indoor air quality is one of the most important factors affecting occupant health, comfort, and productivity in commercial buildings, yet it is often overlooked in janitorial service planning. Many facility managers do not realize that the way their building is cleaned has a direct and significant impact on indoor air quality. Cleaning activities can either improve or degrade IAQ depending on the methods used, the products selected, and the frequency of cleaning. Dusting and vacuuming that capture and remove particles from the building improve IAQ. Mopping and floor care that use low-VOC products and proper techniques improve IAQ. However, cleaning activities that stir up dust without capturing it, that use high-VOC products, or that leave surfaces wet can degrade IAQ. This guide provides facility managers with the knowledge they need to develop janitorial programs that support healthy indoor air quality. Commercial cleaning and professional janitorial services that prioritize IAQ can make a significant difference in building occupant health. See our RBM Building Services for more information.
The EPA has identified poor indoor air quality as one of the top environmental health risks. Indoor air can be 2-5 times more polluted than outdoor air, and in some cases significantly more. Building occupants spend approximately 90% of their time indoors, making indoor air quality a critical factor in public health. Common indoor air pollutants include particulate matter such as dust, pollen, and mold spores, volatile organic compounds from building materials, cleaning products, and office equipment, biological contaminants including bacteria, viruses, and mold, and carbon dioxide from building occupants. Janitorial services play a key role in controlling these pollutants through proper cleaning practices. For professional cleaning services that support healthy indoor air quality, contact RBM Building Services or call 800.403.3564.
Indoor Air Quality and Janitorial Services: A Facility Manager's Guide
Cleaning affects indoor air quality through several mechanisms, and understanding these mechanisms is essential for developing IAQ-friendly cleaning protocols. The first mechanism is particle removal. Effective cleaning removes particles from surfaces and from the air, reducing the total particle load in the building. Particles that are not removed through cleaning become re-suspended in the air through normal building activity, contributing to respiratory irritation and other health effects. The most effective particle removal methods are those that capture and contain particles rather than those that simply move them around. High-efficiency particulate air vacuuming captures particles as small as 0.3 microns with 99.97% efficiency, making HEPA vacuuming the gold standard for particle removal in commercial cleaning. The second mechanism is chemical emissions. Many cleaning products contain volatile organic compounds that can off-gas during and after cleaning, contributing to indoor air pollution. VOCs can cause eye, nose, and throat irritation, headaches, dizziness, and other health effects. Some VOCs are known or suspected carcinogens. The choice of cleaning products has a direct impact on IAQ, and facility managers should select low-VOC or VOC-free products whenever possible. The third mechanism is moisture management. Cleaning activities that introduce moisture into the building can promote mold and bacterial growth if surfaces are not properly dried. Mold and bacteria release spores and metabolic byproducts that can degrade IAQ and cause health problems. Proper drying after wet cleaning methods, such as carpet extraction and mopping, is essential for preventing moisture-related IAQ problems. The fourth mechanism is the disruption and redistribution of contaminants. Cleaning activities that disturb contaminated surfaces without properly capturing the contaminants can spread them throughout the building. This is particularly concerning for dust containing lead, asbestos, or other hazardous materials. Proper cleaning methods that capture and contain contaminants are essential for protecting IAQ. The fifth mechanism is the impact on HVAC systems. Cleaning that keeps HVAC components clean improves system efficiency and reduces the distribution of contaminants through the building air handling system. Commercial cleaning providers who understand these mechanisms can develop cleaning protocols that protect and improve indoor air quality. Contact RBM or call 800.403.3564.
How Cleaning Affects Indoor Air Quality
Dust control is one of the most important components of an IAQ-focused janitorial program because dust contains a wide variety of particles that can affect respiratory health. Dust in commercial buildings is a complex mixture of human skin cells, fabric fibers, soil tracked in from outdoors, pollen and mold spores, dust mite debris, bacteria and bacterial byproducts, and particulate matter from outdoor pollution. The goal of dust control is to remove these particles from the building rather than simply moving them from one surface to another. The most effective dust control strategy uses a combination of proper vacuuming equipment and techniques, microfiber dusting methods, and air filtration. HEPA vacuuming is the foundation of effective dust control. HEPA vacuums capture 99.97% of particles at 0.3 microns, which means they remove dust from the building rather than exhausting it back into the air. All vacuum cleaners used in commercial cleaning should be HEPA-filtered and should be maintained according to manufacturer specifications to ensure proper filtration. Microfiber dusting is superior to traditional dusting methods because microfiber material traps and holds particles rather than pushing them into the air. Dry microfiber dusting uses electrostatic attraction to capture dust particles.
Wet microfiber dusting uses a small amount of water or cleaning solution to enhance particle capture. Both methods are more effective than feather dusting or dry cloth dusting, which simply redistribute particles into the air. Entryway mat systems are another critical component of dust control. High-quality entryway mats capture soil and moisture from shoes before they enter the building, reducing the amount of particulate matter that requires cleaning. The IAQA recommends entryway mat systems that extend at least 10-15 feet into the building to capture maximum soil. Mats should be cleaned regularly to maintain their effectiveness. Air filtration systems can supplement cleaning efforts by removing particles from the air between cleaning cycles. HVAC filters should be selected based on their MERV rating, with MERV 8 being the minimum recommended for commercial buildings and MERV 13 or higher recommended for buildings with IAQ concerns. Filters should be changed according to manufacturer recommendations or more frequently in buildings with high occupancy. Commercial cleaning services that prioritize dust control can significantly improve IAQ. Contact RBM Building Services or call 800.403.3564.
Dust Control and Particulate Management
The selection of cleaning products has a direct impact on indoor air quality because many conventional cleaning products contain volatile organic compounds that can cause respiratory irritation and other health effects. Green cleaning products are formulated to minimize these impacts by using low-VOC or VOC-free ingredients, avoiding hazardous chemicals, and using biodegradable and plant-based ingredients. The use of green cleaning products is one of the most effective ways for janitorial services to support healthy IAQ. The EPA’s Safer Choice program certifies cleaning products that meet strict criteria for human health and environmental safety. Products bearing the Safer Choice label have been evaluated by the EPA and found to contain ingredients that are safer for human health and the environment. Facility managers should require their janitorial services provider to use Safer Choice certified products or equivalent third-party certified green cleaning products when possible. Green cleaning products offer several IAQ benefits, including reduced VOC emissions during and after cleaning, elimination of hazardous chemicals that can cause respiratory and skin irritation, reduced risk of chemical reactions that can produce harmful byproducts, and improved indoor air quality for building occupants. However, it is important to note that green cleaning products must still be used according to manufacturer instructions to be effective. Dilution ratios, contact times, and application methods must be followed carefully to ensure proper cleaning and disinfection while minimizing IAQ impacts.
Facility managers should also consider the impact of cleaning product fragrances on IAQ. Many cleaning products contain fragrances that can cause respiratory irritation and other health effects in sensitive individuals. The American Lung Association recommends avoiding fragranced cleaning products in indoor environments. Unscented or naturally scented products with low allergenic potential should be selected when fragrance is necessary. The cleaning industry has made significant progress in developing effective green cleaning products that perform as well as conventional products. Many major cleaning product manufacturers now offer comprehensive green product lines that meet Safer Choice or equivalent certification standards. Facility managers should work with their janitorial services provider to select products that meet both cleaning effectiveness and IAQ requirements. Contact RBM Building Services or call 800.403.3564 for green commercial cleaning services. Read more on our company blog.
Green Cleaning Products and IAQ
HVAC systems and janitorial services are closely connected when it comes to indoor air quality. The HVAC system is the respiratory system of the building, distributing conditioned air throughout all occupied spaces. If the HVAC system is dirty or improperly maintained, it can distribute contaminants throughout the building, degrading IAQ in all areas. Conversely, a well-maintained HVAC system working in conjunction with proper cleaning can maintain healthy IAQ throughout the building. Janitorial services affect HVAC performance and IAQ in several ways. First, cleaning practices affect the amount of dust and debris that enters the HVAC system. Dust that is not captured by vacuuming and dusting becomes airborne and is drawn into the HVAC return air system, where it accumulates on filters, coils, and duct surfaces. This accumulation reduces HVAC efficiency and provides a medium for microbial growth. Second, cleaning of HVAC components is a specialized task that should be included in the janitorial scope of work. HVAC filters should be checked monthly and changed according to manufacturer recommendations. Filter replacement is typically a janitorial responsibility in commercial buildings. Supply and return air vents should be vacuumed and wiped down as part of the regular cleaning schedule. Ceiling-mounted HVAC units should be inspected for condensation and microbial growth as part of the preventive maintenance program.
Third, coordination between cleaning and HVAC operations can improve IAQ. Running the HVAC system during and after cleaning can help remove airborne particles generated by cleaning activities. Increasing ventilation during cleaning can help dilute any VOC emissions from cleaning products. Scheduling cleaning tasks to avoid peak occupancy can reduce occupant exposure to cleaning-related IAQ impacts. Fourth, moisture management by janitorial staff is critical for HVAC IAQ. Condensate drain pans should be cleaned and treated to prevent microbial growth. Humidification systems should be maintained according to manufacturer specifications to prevent the growth of bacteria and mold. Areas with moisture problems such as restrooms, kitchens, and mechanical rooms should be ventilated properly to control humidity. Fifth, the janitorial staff should be trained to identify and report IAQ concerns. Staff who clean the building daily are in the best position to notice changes in IAQ, including unusual odors, visible mold growth, water damage, and condensation problems. A reporting system that allows janitorial staff to communicate these observations to facility management can help identify IAQ problems early, before they become serious. For HVAC and janitorial coordination services, contact RBM Building Services or call 800.403.3564. Visit our full service janitorial page.
Moisture Control and Mold Prevention
Moisture control is one of the most critical factors in maintaining healthy indoor air quality, as excess moisture promotes the growth of mold, bacteria, and dust mites, all of which release allergens and irritants into the air. Janitorial services play a key role in moisture control through proper cleaning practices and prompt response to moisture problems. The most important moisture control practice for janitorial staff is proper drying after wet cleaning methods. Carpet extraction cleaning, which uses hot water and cleaning solution injected into the carpet and then vacuumed out, leaves the carpet wet for several hours. If the carpet is not thoroughly dried within 24-48 hours, mold and bacteria can begin to grow in the carpet backing and pad. Proper carpet drying requires adequate air movement using fans or air movers, dehumidification to remove moisture from the air, and extraction equipment that removes as much water as possible. Hard surface mopping leaves floors wet and can contribute to moisture problems if the floor is not allowed to dry properly. Modern mopping systems such as auto-scrubbers and microfiber systems use less water than traditional mops and buckets and leave floors drier. Facility managers should specify low-moisture cleaning methods where possible to minimize moisture introduction. Prompt response to water incidents is essential for preventing mold growth and IAQ degradation. Janitorial staff should be trained to report water leaks, condensation, and other moisture problems immediately. Standing water should be removed within 24 hours, and wet materials should be dried within 48 hours to prevent mold growth.
Humidity monitoring is another important IAQ function that can be supported by janitorial services. Indoor relative humidity should be maintained between 30% and 50% to prevent mold growth and dust mite proliferation. Janitorial staff can monitor humidity conditions as part of their regular rounds and report conditions that fall outside the recommended range. Restrooms and kitchen areas require particular attention to moisture control because of the high moisture levels generated by normal use. Exhaust fans in these areas should be checked regularly to ensure they are operating properly. Surfaces in these areas should be dried after cleaning to minimize standing moisture. Grout and caulking should be inspected for deterioration that can allow moisture penetration into walls and floors. Mold prevention is an important IAQ function that should be integrated into the janitorial program. Regular cleaning of surfaces prevents the accumulation of organic debris that can support mold growth. Proper ventilation of high-moisture areas prevents condensation and humidity buildup. Prompt repair of leaks and moisture problems prevents conditions that promote mold growth. For moisture control and mold prevention services, contact RBM Building Services or call 800.403.3564. Read more on our company blog.
HVAC Maintenance and Cleaning Integration
Building an IAQ-focused janitorial program requires a systematic approach that integrates IAQ considerations into every aspect of cleaning operations. The first step is to conduct an IAQ assessment of current cleaning practices to identify areas where cleaning may be degrading IAQ. The assessment should include evaluation of vacuuming equipment and practices, dusting methods and frequency, cleaning product selection and usage, moisture management practices, HVAC coordination practices, and cleaning schedules and their impact on IAQ. The second step is to develop IAQ specifications for the janitorial program. The specifications should require HEPA vacuuming for all carpeted areas and hard surface floors, microfiber dusting for all horizontal surfaces, low-VOC or VOC-free cleaning products that are Safer Choice certified or equivalent, green seal certified cleaning products where applicable, proper drying after wet cleaning methods, and prompt response to moisture problems and water incidents. The third step is to train janitorial staff on IAQ principles and practices. Training should cover the relationship between cleaning and IAQ, proper use of HEPA vacuuming equipment, proper microfiber dusting techniques, correct cleaning product selection and usage, moisture management and drying procedures, recognition and reporting of IAQ concerns, and coordination with HVAC operations.
The fourth step is to implement monitoring and verification procedures to ensure that IAQ-focused cleaning practices are being followed. Monitoring can include regular inspections of cleaning equipment and practices, IAQ measurements including particulate counts and VOC levels, occupant feedback surveys about IAQ and comfort, and review of HVAC filter change records and cleaning schedules. The fifth step is to establish ongoing communication between facility management, janitorial services, and building occupants about IAQ. Communication should include periodic reports on cleaning activities and IAQ measurements, notifications about cleaning schedule changes that may affect IAQ, and channels for occupants to report IAQ concerns. An IAQ-focused janitorial program is an investment in occupant health, comfort, and productivity. The cost of implementing IAQ-friendly cleaning practices is modest compared to the benefits of improved indoor air quality, including reduced absenteeism, increased productivity, and improved occupant satisfaction. RBM Building Services has provided commercial cleaning and janitorial services since 1974 with a focus on healthy indoor environments. Contact us or call 800.403.3564 to learn how we can support your IAQ goals. Read more on our company blog.
indoor air quality commercial buildings janitorial services IAQ
Building an IAQ-Focused Janitorial Program
Indoor air quality is a critical factor in the health, comfort, and productivity of commercial building occupants, and janitorial services play a central role in maintaining healthy IAQ. Facility managers who work with their janitorial services provider to implement IAQ-focused cleaning practices can make a significant difference in the indoor environment. The key elements of an IAQ-focused janitorial program include using HEPA vacuuming to capture and remove dust rather than redistributing it, employing microfiber dusting methods that trap particles effectively, selecting low-VOC and green cleaning products that minimize chemical emissions, ensuring proper drying after wet cleaning to prevent mold growth, coordinating with HVAC maintenance to support the building ventilation system, and training staff to recognize and report IAQ concerns. By implementing these practices, facility managers can create a healthier indoor environment for building occupants while also extending the life of building finishes and equipment. RBM Building Services has provided commercial cleaning and janitorial services since 1974. Contact us or call 800.403.3564 for a consultation on IAQ-focused cleaning for your facility. Read more on our company blog.
